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LESSIG

Republic, Lost

v.1

Republic Lost

From the publisher Twelve Books

    In an era when special interests funnel huge amounts of money into our government—driven by shifts in campaign-finance rules and brought to new levels by the Supreme Court in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission—trust in our government has reached an all-time low. More than ever before, Americans believe that money buys results in Congress, and that business interests wield control over our legislature.

    With heartfelt urgency and a keen desire for righting wrongs, Harvard law professor Lawrence Lessig takes a clear-eyed look at how we arrived at this crisis: how fundamentally good people, with good intentions, have allowed our democracy to be co-opted by outside interests, and how this exploitation has become entrenched in the system. Rejecting simple labels and reductive logic—and instead using examples that resonate as powerfully on the Right as on the Left—Lessig seeks out the root causes of our situation. He plumbs the issues of campaign financing and corporate lobbying, revealing the human faces and follies that have allowed corruption to take such a foothold in our system. He puts the issues in terms that nonwonks can understand, using real-world analogies and real human stories. And ultimately he calls for widespread mobilization and a new Constitutional Convention, presenting achievable solutions for regaining control of our corrupted—but redeemable—representational system. In this way, Lessig plots a roadmap for returning our republic to its intended greatness.

    While America may be divided, Lessig vividly champions the idea that we can succeed if we accept that corruption is our common enemy and that we must find a way to fight against it. In REPUBLIC, LOST, he not only makes this need palpable and clear—he gives us the practical and intellectual tools to do something about it.

    Table of Contents

    • Contents
    • Preface
    • Introduction
    • Part 1: The Nature of This Disease
      1. Good Souls, Corrupted.
      2. Good Questions, Raised
      3. 1 + 1 =
    • Part 2: Tells
      1. Why Don’t We Have Free Markets?
      2. Why Don’t We Have Efficient Markets?
      3. Why Don’t We Have Successful Schools?
      4. Why Isn’t Our Financial System Safe?
        • “Where Were the Regulators?”
      5. What the “Tells” Tell Us
    • Part 3: Beyond Suspicion: Congress’s Corruption
      1. Why So Damn Much Money
        • Demand for Campaign Cash
        • Supply of Campaign Cash: Substance
        • Supply of Campaign Cash: New Norms
        • Supply of Campaign Cash: New Suppliers
        • Economies, Gift and Otherwise
      2. What So Damn Much Money Does
        • A Baseline of Independence
        • Deviations from a Baseline
          1. It Matters Not at All
          2. Distraction
          3. Distortion
          4. Trust
      3. How So Damn Much Money Defeats the Left
      4. How So Damn Much Money Defeats the Right
        1. Making Government Small
        2. Simple Taxes
        3. Keeping Markets Efficient
      5. How So Little Money Makes Things Worse
        • The Ways We Pay Congress
        • The Benefits of Working for Members
      6. Two Conceptions of “Corruption”
    • Part 4: Solutions
      1. Reforms That Won’t
        • The Incompleteness of Transparency
        • The (Practical) Ineffectiveness of Anonymity
      2. Reforms That Would
        • The Grant and Franklin Project
      3. Strategy 1: The Conventional Game
      4. Strategy 2: An Unconventional (Primary) Game
      5. Strategy 3: An Unconventional Presidential Game
      6. Strategy 4: The Convention Game
      7. Choosing Strategies
      8. Conclusion: Rich People
    • Acknowledgments
    • Appendix: What You Can Do, Now
    • Notes
    • Index

    Links & Resources

    INTRODUCTION

    1. Congress Ranks Last in Confidence in Institutions - cache
    2. http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/teddyrooseveltmuckrake.htm - cache
    3. http://www.econ.umd.edu/research/papers/38/download/238

    CHAPTER 2: GOOD QUESTIONS, RAISED

    1. How far away from the North Pole is the Magnetic Pole (last visited Jan. 14, 2011 - cache
    2. http://http://stats.org/stories/2009/Sc
      ience%20Suppressed_%20America%27s%20Obsession%20with%20BPA_July9_09.pdf
    3. Flaws in the Case Against BPA - NYTimes.com - cache
    4. Spin the bottle (Harper's Magazine) - cache
    5. Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of beliefs regarding cancer risks - Stein - 2007 - Cancer - Wiley Online Library
    6. Study on cell phone link to cancer inconclusive - cache
    7. http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2011/pdfs/pr208_E.pdf
    8. Responsible Conduct Research : Conflicts of Interest - cache
    9. CAE: Michael McDonald, Ph.D. - cache
    10. Cambridge Journals Online - Fulltext - cache
    11. http://www.annals.org/content/153/3/158.full.pdf+html - cache
    12. Top 1000 sites - DoubleClick Ad Planner - cache
    13. www.lonelyplanet.biz/downloads/lonelyplanet_profile.pdf

    CHAPTER 4: WHY DON’T WE HAVE FREE MARKETS?

    1. CDC - 2007 National Diabetes Fact Sheet - Publications - Diabetes DDT - cache
    2. Obesity, Type 2 diabetes rates growing rapidly among children | Newsroom | Washington University in St. Louis - cache
    3. Obesity in America - Associated Content from Yahoo! - associatedcontent.com - cache
    4. CMC, Charlotte - Reason for increase in number of children with type 2 ... - cache
    5. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/overweight/overweight_adult.pdf- cache
    6. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus09.pdf - cache
    7. The Facts About High Fructose Corn Syrup - Associated Content from Yahoo! - associatedcontent.com - cache
    8. Archer Daniels Midland: A Case Study In Corporate Welfare - cache
    9. USDA ERS Briefing Room - Dairy: Policy - cache
    10. http://ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/05jun/97-905.pdf
    11. U.S. Sets Shrimp Tariffs on Thailand, India, Ecuador, Brazil - Bloomberg - cache
    12. Why U.S. Taxpayers Are Paying Brazilian Cotton Growers : Planet Money : NPR - cache
    13. www.heritage.org/.../2002/.../agriculture-lobby-wins-big-in-new-farm-bill - cache
    14. President Announces Temporary Safeguards for Steel Industry - cache
    15. Counting the Cost of Steel Protection | Daniel Griswold | Cato Institute: Congressional Testimony - cache

    CHAPTER 4, 5

    1. http://www.cato.org/pubs/tpa/tpa-011.pdf - cache
    2. http://s3.amazonaws.com/thf_media/2008/pdf/bg2134.pdf - cache
    3. The Sugar Industry: The Sugar Industry and Corporate Welfare - cache
    4. Downsizing the Federal Government - cache
    5. http://assets.panda.org/downloads/sugarandtheenvironment_fidq.pdf
    6. The Great Sugar Shaft - cache
    7. America's Credibility Goes "Timber!" | Daniel J. Ikenson | Cato Institute: Free Trade Bulletin - cache
    8. United States Corn SubsidiesEWG Farm Subsidy Database - cache

    CHAPTER 4

    1. Corn subsidies make unhealthy food choices the rational ones | Grist - cache
    2. http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/rp/PB07-03FeedingAtTroughDec07.pdf
    3. Groups sue FDA to stop Big Ag antibiotic abuse—and it just might work | Grist - cache
    4. Op-Ed Contributor - Cows on Drugs - NYTimes.com - cache
    5. http://www.ncifap.org/bin/e/j/PCIFAPFin.pdf.
    6. The Burger That Shattered Her Life - The New York Times - cache
    7. Corn lobby's tall tale of a gas substitute / The Christian Science Monitor - CSMonitor.com - cache
    8. http://www.balancedfoodandfuel.org/ht/a/GetDocumentAction/i/9908
    9. http://www.balancedfoodandfuel.org/ht/a/GetDocumentAction/i/10560
    10. Home - NPP Federal Priorities Database - cache
    11. Sugar Cane & Sugar Beets: Long-Term Contribution Trends | OpenSecrets - cache
    12. http://www.opensecrets.org/industries/totals.php?ind=A01++&goButt2.x=14&goButt2.y=9&goButt2=Submit - cache

    CHAPTER 5: WHY DON’T WE HAVE EFFICIENT MARKETS?

    1. http://www.copyright.gov/title17/circ92.pdf
    2. ftp://ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/oiaf/1605/cdrom/pdf/ggrpt/057308.pdf
    3. http://www.pewclimate.org/docUploads/Sequest_Final.pdf
    4. Future of "Clean Coal" Power Tied to (Uncertain) Success of Carbon Capture and Storage: Scientific American - cache
    5. http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/04/pdf/weiss_clean_coal.pdf
    6. http://www.catf.us/resources/publications/files/The_Toll_from_Coal.pdf

    CHAPTER 5, 11

    1. Pro-Environment Groups Outmatched, Outspent in Battle Over Climate Change Legislation - OpenSecrets Blog | OpenSecrets - cache

    CHAPTER 6: WHY DON’T WE HAVE SUCCESSFUL SCHOOLS?

    1. World education rankings: which country does best at reading, maths and science? | News | guardian.co.uk - cache
    2. U.S. Schools Are Still Ahead—Way Ahead - BusinessWeek - cache
    3. Diane Ravitch: Is U.S. Education Better Than Ever? - cache
    4. NAEP - 2008 Long-Term Trend: Reading Overall Results - cache
    5. NAEP - 2008 Long-Term Trend: Mathematics Overall Results - cache
    6. http://www.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/fryer/files/hcz%204.15.2009.pdf
    7. NY Times Advertisement - cache
    8. http://www.econ.ucsb.edu/~jon/Econ230C/HanushekRivkin.pdf
    9. http://www.scholastic.com/primarysources/pdfs/Scholastic_Gates_0310.pdf
    10. http://www.kipp.org/files/dmfile/NationalBureauofEconomicResearch_Feb2010.pdf
    11. http://www.kipp.org/files/dmfile/CSOS_KIPP_Ujima_June2007.pdf
    12. Publications - Ounce of Prevention Fund - cache
    13. Teachers Unions: Long-Term Contribution Trends | OpenSecrets - cache
    14. Democrats for Education Reform Expenditures | OpenSecrets - cache
    15. Democrats for Education Reform Expenditures | OpenSecrets - cache
    16. Democrats for Education Reform Expenditures | OpenSecrets - cache

    CHAPTER 7, 14

    1. Top 10 Hedge Fund Managers 2009 Salary | The Big Picture - cache

    CHAPTER 7: WHY ISN’T OUR FINANCIAL SYSTEM SAFE?

    1. www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-FCIC/pdf/GPO-FCIC.pdf - cache
    2. Lynn Parramore: "Disappointing and Inspiring": Roosevelt Fellows and Colleagues React to FinReg - cache
    3. A Proposal for Genuine Financial Reform » Counterpunch: Tells the Facts, Names the Names - cache
    4. http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/fin-mkts/Documents/otcact.pdf
    5. Post-Meltdown, Banks Still Rule Derivatives Trade - NYTimes.com - cache
    6. http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/csgr/research/workingpapers/2001/wp8301.pdf
    7. Zombie financial ideas - NYTimes.com - cache
    8. The Derivatives Market's Payment Priorities as Financial Crisis Accelerator by Mark Roe :: SSRN - cache

    CHAPTER 9: WHY SO DAMN MUCH MONEY

    1. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41542.pdf
    2. snopes.com: Lincoln and Kennedy Coincidences - cache
    3. Financial Activity of All U.S. House of Representatives Candidates - 1988-2000 - cache
    4. Financial Activity of All U. S. Senate Candidates - 1988-2000 - cache
    5. http://www.cfinst.org/pdf/vital/VitalStats_t13.pdf

    CHAPTER 9, 14

    1. Democracy at the Corner of First and Fourteenth: Judicial Campaign Spending and Equality by James Sample :: SSRN - cache

    CHAPTER 9

    1. Max Baucus: Campaign Finance/Money - Industries - Senator 2008 | OpenSecrets - cache
    2. Google Ngram Viewer - cache
    3. EDMONDS, George Washington - Biographical Information - cache
    4. http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/hjackson/Earmarks_16.pdf
    5. http://www.hss.caltech.edu/~snowberg/papers/Daley-Snowberg%20Campaign%20Finance.pdf
    6. http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/fcampan/Papers/draft_Aug10_JPubE.pdf
    7. https://members.aamc.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?
      Action=Add&ObjectKeyFrom=1A83491A-9853-4C87-86A4-F7
      D95601C2E2&WebCode=PubDetailAdd&DoNotSave=yes&ParentObject=
      CentralizedOrderEntry&ParentDataObject=Invoice%20Detail&ivd_for
      mkey=69202792-63d7-4ba2-bf4e-a0da41270555&iv
      d_cst_key=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&ivd_prc_prd_key=
      34CCB27D-4F8B-4F8D-8642-47AE48D6E2B4       - cache
    8. Corporate Lobbying and Fraud Detection by Fang Yu, Xiaoyun Yu :: SSRN - cache
    9. Determinants and Effects of Corporate Lobbying by Matthew D. Hill, G. Kelly, G. Lockhart, Robert Van Ness :: SSRN - cache
    10. FOXNews.com - Washington's Wealth Boom - Opinion - cache

    CHAPTER 9, 12

    1. http://www.abanet.org/media/nosearch/lobbying_task_force_report_010311.pdf

    CHAPTER 9

    1. Lobbyist Bundles - cache
    2. Bundling rule doesn’t capture all the fundraising by lobbyists - TheHill.com - cache
    3. List of current members of the United States House of Representatives by seniority - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - cache
    4. Hill a Steppingstone to K Street for Some - cache
    5. SHADOW CONGRESS: More Than 170 Former Lawmakers Ply The Corridors Of Power As Lobbyists | TPMMuckraker - cache
    6. http://www.citizen.org/documents/Ca$hing_in.pdf

    CHAPTER 10: WHAT SO DAMN MUCH MONEY DOES

    1. The Sound of Ideas: Campaign Finance Reform / ideastream - Northeast Ohio Public Radio, Television and Multiple Media - cache
    2. http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~gfung/federalist.pdf
    3. http://www.econ.umd.edu/research/papers/38/download/238
    4. Congress for Life - cache
    5. Poll: 70 percent believe Congress is corrupt - The Hill's Blog Briefing Room - cache
    6. Poll: Half of Americans think Congress is corrupt - CNN - cache
    7. http://people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/606.pdf - cache
    8. "Government and Public Behavior" - cache
    9. http://www.campaignfreedom.org/doclib/20100723_Ansolabehere2002SoLittle.pdf
    10. The Political Economy of the U.S. Mortgage Default Crisis by Atif Mian, Amir Sufi, Francesco Trebbi :: SSRN - cache
    11. http://www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/herrnson/reporttime.html - cache
    12. Senate bill weighs in at 2,074 pages - Live Pulse - POLITICO.com - cache
    13. Ernest F. Hollings - Stop the Money Chase - cache
    14. Former members of Congress lament current partisanship | McClatchy - cache
    15. http://www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=172 - cache
    16. Lobbying Database | OpenSecrets - cache
    17. U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote - cache
    18. http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2008/roll417.xml - cache
    19. The Cash Committee: How Wall Street Wins On The Hill - cache
    20. http://www.princeton.edu/~bartels/economic.pdf
    21. Of the 1%, by the 1%, for the 1% | Society | Vanity Fair - cache
    22. http://www.the-american-interest.com/article-bd.cfm?piece=907 - cache
    23. http://www.faireconomy.org/files/executive_excess_2008.pdf
    24. Contribution Limits Chart 2011-12 - cache
    25. Swiped: Banks, Merchants And Why Washington Doesn't Work For You - cache
    26. http://people-press.org/http://people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/606.pdf
    27. Is the Government Run for the Benefit of All - cache
    28. New Judicial Watch/Zogby Poll: 81.7% of Americans Say Political Corruption Played a “Major Role” in Financial Crisis | Judicial Watch - cache
    29. SCOTUS ruling fuels voters' ire - POLITICO.com Print View - cache
    30. http://www.laits.utexas.edu/txp_media/html/poll/files/200910-monpol-summary.pdf
    31. http://www.rochester.edu/college/psc/primo/primomilyoelj.pdf
    32. http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa524.pdf
    33. Rock the Vote - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - cache
    34. What do elected officials think about the role of money in politics? - cache

    CHAPTER 11: HOW SO DAMN MUCH MONEY DEFEATS THE LEFT

    1. Obama: "No Welfare For Wall Street" - CBS News - cache
    2. Hillary defends lobbyists, opens doors for rivals - POLITICO.com Print View - cache
    3. http://www.barackobama.com/pdf/issues/HealthCareFullPlan.pdf
    4. Fortune 500 2009: Top Performers - Most Profitable Industries: Return on Revenues - cache

    CHAPTER 11, 12

    1. http://www.cms.gov/ReportsTrustFunds/downloads/tr2009.pdf

    CHAPTER 11

    1. Ezra Klein - Twilight of the interest groups - cache
    2. Industry interests are not in their "twilight" - Glenn Greenwald - Salon.com - cache
    3. Curbing Risk on Wall Street > Publications > National Affairs - cache
    4. Trade Offs - National Priorities Project - cache
    5. Zombie financial ideas - NYTimes.com - cache
    6. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act - Senate Vote: On Passage | Campaign Contributions By Vote | MAPLight.org - Money and Politics - cache
    7. Restoring American Financial Stability Act of 2010 - Vote: Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Original measure reported to Senate by Senator Dodd. Without written report. | Total Campaign Contributions | MAPLight.org - Money and Politics - cache
    8. Commercial Banks | OpenSecrets - cache
    9. Finance / Credit Companies | OpenSecrets - cache
    10. Securities & Investment | OpenSecrets - cache
    11. Savings & Loans | OpenSecrets - cache
    12. Credit Unions | OpenSecrets - cache
    13. American Clean Energy and Security Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - cache
    14. Lobbying Database | OpenSecrets - cache
    15. Everyday Corruption - cache

    CHAPTER 12: HOW SO DAMN MUCH MONEY DEFEATS THE RIGHT

    1. The Truth About Tytler - cache
    2. How Dismal is the Fiscal Future For America and Europe? Becker - The Becker-Posner Blog - cache
    3. Debt to the Penny (Daily History Search Application) - cache
    4. CBO Budget Baseline Shows that Soaring Spending is Drowning America in Debt - cache
    5. US Department of the Treasury - cache
    6. 50% Say 'Rigged' Election Rules Explain High Reelection Rate for Congress - Rasmussen Reports™ - cache
    7. Maker of Tax Software Opposes State Filing Help - Los Angeles Times - cache
    8. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703963704576005960558986604.html?mod=WSJ_hp_LEFTTopStories#printMode - cache

    CHAPTER 13: HOW SO LITTLE MONEY MAKES THINGS WORSE

    1. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29655/m1/1/high_res_d/RL32648_2010Nov02.pdf
    2. District of Corruption - cache
    3. Federal officials fight back over criticism about salaries - cache
    4. Report: 237 millionaires in Congress - POLITICO.com Print View - cache
    5. Personal Finance Disclosure | Personal Finance Disclosure | OpenSecrets - cache
    6. Evan Bayh: Hypocrisy on the Public Option | Investing Opinion News | Print Financial & Investing Articles | TheStreet - cache
    7. Security Alert: - cache
    8. Print - cache
    9. Leadership PACs | OpenSecrets - cache
    10. Money intended to help candidates often ends up funding PACs themselves - cache
    11. Leadership PACs: Let the Good Times Roll - ProPublica - cache
    12. http://app.psd.gov.sg/data/2009%20year-end%20payment.pdf
    13. What’s The Average Salary of House Staff? | The Open House Project - cache
    14. 2,000 House staffers make six figures - POLITICO.com Print View - cache
    15. Forbes.com - Magazine Article - cache
    16. Securities Salaries | Simply Hired - cache
    17. Salaries in Investment Banking - cache
    18. Are Federal Workers Overpaid? | FactCheck.org - cache
    19. http://www.slge.org/vertical/Sites/%7BA260E1DF-5AEE-459D-84C4-876EFE1E4032%7D/uploads/%7B03E820E8-F0F9-472F-98E2-F0AE1166D116%7D.PDF
    20. The Road to Riches Is Called K Street - cache
    21. The Gilded Capital: Lobbying to riches - POLITICO.com Print View - cache
    22. On K Street, An Ex-Senate Staffer Is Worth $740,000 A Year - cache
    23. Williams & Jensen - cache
    24. http://www.opensecrets.org/news/FinancialRevolvingDoors.pdf
    25. Lobbyist Charged With Hiding Political Donations - The New York Times - cache
    26. Editorial - 104 Will Get You $300 Million - NYTimes.com - cache
    27. 404 Not Found - cache
    28. Recording Industry Association of America - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - cache

    CHAPTER 14: TWO CONCEPTIONS OF “CORRUPTION”

    1. Ex-Congressman Gets 8-Year Term in Bribery Case - New York Times - cache
    2. The New York Times > Page Not Found - cache
    3. Justice for Sale - WSJ.com - cache
    4. FD-tr-x - Error report - cache
    5. http://www.ajs.org/ethics/pdfs/Brennancenterrecusalreport.pdf
    6. Sidebar - Looking Anew at Campaign Cash and Elected Judges - NYTimes.com - cache
    7. Congressional Elections: Massachusetts Senate Race: 2008?iframe=true Cycle | OpenSecrets - cache
    8. http://www.brookings.edu/gs/cf/sourcebk01/historychap.pdf
    9. Tom DeLay Convicted Of Money Laundering | Fox News - cache
    10. Outside Spending | OpenSecrets - cache
    11. Obama Speech - Presidental Annoucement - February 10 2007 - Complete Text - cache

    PART 4

    1. Jon Stewart and Bill O'Reilly bond over campaign corruption - CSMonitor.com - cache

    CHAPTER 15: REFORMS THAT WON’T

    1. Michael E. Capuano: Campaign Finance/Money - Top Donors - Representative 2010 | OpenSecrets - cache
    2. http://www.citizen.org/documents/Eclipsed-Disclosure11182010.pdf - cache
    3. The Iceberg Theory of Campaign Contributions: Political Threats and Interest Group Behavior by Ethan Kaplan :: SSRN - cache
    4. http://citizen.org/documents/Cause-for-Concern.pdf

    CHAPTER 16: REFORMS THAT WOULD

    1. U.S. GAO - Campaign Finance Reform: Experiences of Two States That Offered Full Public Funding for Political Candidates - cache
    2. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d10391sp.pdf
    3. http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBkQFjAA&u
      rl=http%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Fmillerpolsci%2
      Fdocs%2FGAOWeb.pdf&rct=j&q=After%20the%20GAO%20Report%3A%20What%
      20Do%20We%20Know%20About%20Public%20Election%20Funding%3F%2
      0&ei=iQ8BTu7CMvOq0AHc2JWNDg&usg=AFQjCNH9J
      PvkcJ5r8yn6PS7ZfGSC7Ahe-A&sig2=xWsTxRtHmXNGp24ffLmNNw&cad=rja
    4. http://users.polisci.wisc.edu/kmayer/466/Keeping_It_Clean.pdf
    5. http://www.unc.edu/depts/polisci/statepol/conferences/2008/papers/LaRaja.pdf
    6. http://www.apsanet.org/imgtest/psoct07wernermayer.pdf
    7. The Effect of Public Financing on the Competitiveness of Elections by Thomas Stratmann :: SSRN - cache
    8. http://www.maine.gov/ethics/pdf/publications/2008_mcea_overview.pdf
    9. http://www.ct.gov/seec/lib/seec/publications/status_as_of_december_31_2009.pdf
    10. http://www.ct.gov/seec/lib/seec/publications/2010_sufficiency_report.pdf
    11. http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017&context=mayer
    12. Who Doesn't Pay Taxes? - NYTimes.com - cache
    13. http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/100xx/doc10068/effective_tax_rates_2006.pdf
    14. "Genocide, Press Freedom, and the Case of Hassan Ngeze" by C. Edwin Baker - cache

    CHAPTER 19: STRATEGY 3: AN UNCONVENTIONAL PRESIDENTIAL GAME

    1. President Obama’s $8 Billion Earmark Rerun: Lesson Not Learned? - ABC News - cache

    CHAPTER 20: STRATEGY 4: THE CONVENTION GAME

    1. Durbin - Full Text - CRS Report for Congress - Amending the U.S. Constitution: by Congress or by Constitutional Convention - 95-589 A, May 1995 - cache
    2. States Should Enforce, Not Revise, the Constitution! - cache
    3. http://s3.amazonaws.com/thf_media/1988/pdf/bg637.pdf
    4. http://people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/635.pdf

    CONCLUSION

    1. The 400 Richest Americans 2009 - Forbes.com - cache

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